Mi Patria versus Yo

jueves, diciembre 28, 2006

 

Cuando un Latinoamericano (o en su caso algún ciudadano de un país del “Tercer Mundo”) viaja de un país a otro, inevitablemente surge la necesidad de identificarse, así mostramos el pasaporte por una maquinita si estamos en algún país avanzado, o sino se lo entregamos a un funcionario de migraciones y decimos según lo que nos toque, soy peruano, soy argentino, colombiano, ecuatoriano, etcétera.
Si pasamos la experiencia por algún país vecino probablemente sepamos que esperar como respuesta a nuestra declaración de ciudadanía, seguramente ésta se traduzca en un gesto de molestia, desconfianza o miedo según sea la nacionalidad del visitante, todo esto es comprensiblemente explicado por nuestra gran manía Latinoamericana de colectivizar y estereotipar a las personas, olvidándonos que cada una es diferente e independiente de otras.
Si viajo y digo soy ciudadano peruano, ¿qué beneficio me trae? , tal vez sería como querer usar conchas spondylus como medio de aceptación mundial en vez de dólares y tener la esperanza que la gente las acepte. Tal vez exista un problema con esto de las nacionalidades y no nos lo hemos planteado.
Alguna vez leí el Libro de Rigoberto Stewart llamado la Magia y el Misterio del Comercio Internacional en el que capítulo a capítulo diseccionaba de manera magistral cada falacia sobre la forma en la que hemos formado nuestros conceptos de comprensión acerca de las relaciones comerciales entre países. Así, el calificada de “Colectivismo Comercial” la forma de expresión a la que nos habíamos acostumbrado los economistas cuando decíamos que Argentina y Bolivia comercian, cuando los que realizan las actividades propias del comercio son personas individuales con diferentes expectativas a ambos lados de la frontera, entre ellos mismos y entre los de diferentes países. Por tanto no se podía hablar de intereses nacionales a la hora de evaluar el beneficio o no de una apertura comercial, pues ¿Cómo hacerlo? si los intereses individuales son diferentes. Al productor de trigo en argentina le conviene que los precios suban, así él es más rico, pero a los consumidores no, a los exportadores de trigo les conviene la apertura comercial, pero a los productores del mismo bien en Bolivia no por que por la competencia serían desplazados, pero eso le convendría a los consumidores así comprarían mas productos a base de trigo y ahorrarían y crearían una demanda por otros bienes estimulando la demanda y esperando a que la oferta se adapte al cambio. Entonces decir que Argentina y Bolivia comercian es errado según Stewart porque dichas naciones en términos reales no existen, existen personas que ganan o pierden con intereses diferentes y contrapuestos.
Yo podría tomar como analogía el brillante análisis de Rigoberto y hablar del “Colectivismo de las Nacionalidades”, si soy peruano por el hecho de haber nacido en el Perú ¿Vale eso más, que decir que soy César León?, Si esto es así, mi ciudadanía termina siendo más que mi propia persona, entonces ya no contará si soy economista, liberal, soltero o casado, ebrio o sobrio, si no, que ser peruano superará con creces mi persona, así mi “peruanidad” superará mis acciones individuales del pasado del presente, y del futuro seguramente también. Si por desgracia la mayoría de peruanos son ociosos, ladrones, vagos o amantes de algún vicio escondido, pues pasaré a ser siempre un sospechoso cuando vaya de país a país, o si por el contrario la mayoría de peruanos son trabajadores, honestos y virtuosos, por el contrario me beneficiaré de eso, entonces, me pregunto ¿Por qué me tengo que beneficiar o perjudicar por alguna acción aislada de una persona o de un grupo de ellas, solo por haber nacido en la misma tierra? – eso me deja indefenso, a merced una vez más del comportamiento de la mayoría, a menos que sea una celebridad. Claro está, si soy un Vargas Llosa o un de Soto, pues, eso me resbalará porque la frontera entre mi persona y mi ciudadanía será muy amplia y de seguro me dirán “usted no parece peruano”.o sucederá como en el caso de mi amigo Alberto Mansueti del que siempre decía yo no parecía Argentino por su don de gentes y su humildad cualidad bastante escasa entre sus compatriotas según creía yo imbuido por esa ignorancia y estereotipo del que me quejaba al iniciar éste artículo.
Para mí, siempre seré César León el lugar de mi nacimiento es accidental, no le puedo atribuir un valor a algo tan fortuito como mi lugar de nacimiento, por que eso me llevará a creerme de una nación mejor o peor, superior o inferior, es más, a jactarme por hechos de mis antepasados de los cuales yo ni siquiera formé parte.
Porque, ¿Cómo es un peruano? ¿Un ecuatoriano? o un ¿venezolano? A menos que usen categorías discriminantes y sin sustento no podrían definirlos, tendría que agrupar en un solo colectivo, posiciones de millones de individuos totalmente diferentes.
Podría decir como epílogo que siempre seré César León así como Alberto Mansueti será siempre Alberto Mansueti la nacionalidad siempre será accesoria para mí, y es mejor que sea así, por que élla estará sujeta al vaivén del tiempo y al comportamiento mayoritario de las masas de mi país de origen y no creo que ése comportamiento mayoritario sirva como base para calificar a minorías totalmente diferentes.
Sigo creyendo que los pilares en los que se ha construído y cimentado el desarrollo de las “naciones modernas” y de las “no tan modernas” tienen un piso muy endeble que la razón humana debería en estos tiempos de crisis cuestionar, porque la razón debería enseñarle a la razón humildad con la misma razón.

César León Quillas
beatle8512@hotmail.com
Economía – Universidad de San Marcos
Instituto de Libre Empresa
http://www.ileperu.org/
http://www.liberalesygirondinos.blogspot.com/

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